nography(often abbreviatedporn) is the portrayal ofsexualsubject matter for the exclusive purpose ofsexualarousal.[1]Pornography may be presented in a variety ofmedia, includingbooks,magazines,postcards,photographs,sculpture,drawing,painting,animation,sound recording,phone calls,writing,film,video, andvideo games. The term applies to the depiction of the act rather than the act itself, and so does not include liveexhibitions likesex showsandstriptease. The primary subjects of present-day pornographic depictions are pornographicmodels, who pose for still photographs, andpornographic actorsor porn stars, who perform inpornographic films. If dramatic skills are not involved, a performer in a porn film may also be called a model.Various groups within society have considered depictions of a sexual natureimmoral,addictive, and noxious, labeling them pornographic, and attempting to have them suppressed underobscenityand other laws, with varying degrees of success. Such works have also often been subject tocensorshipand other legal restraints to publication, display, or possession, leading in many cases to their loss. Such grounds, and even the definition of pornography, have differed in various historical, cultural, and national contexts.[2]Social attitudes towards the discussion and presentationof sexuality have become more tolerant in Western countries, and legal definitions of obscenity have become more limited, notably beginning in 1969 withBlue MoviebyAndy Warhol, the firstadult erotic filmdepicting explicitsexto receive wide theatrical release intheUnited States, and the subsequentGolden Age of Porn(1969-1984),[3][4][5]leading to an industry for theproductionandconsumptionof pornography in the latter half of the 20th century. The introduction ofhome videoand theInternetsaw a boom in the worldwide porn industry that generates billions of dollars annually. Commercialized pornography accounts for over US$2.5 billion in the United States alone,[6]including the production of variousmediaand associatedproductsandservices. The general porn industry is between$10-$12 billion in the U.S.[7]In 2006 world pornography revenue was 97 billion dollars.[8]Child porn is a $3 billion industry.[9]Thisindustryemploys thousands ofperformersalong with support and production staff. It is also followed by dedicated industry publications andtrade groupsas well as the mainstream press, private organizations (watchdog groups), government agencies,and political organizations.[10]More recently, sites such asPornhub,RedTube, andYouPorn, in addition to much pirated porn posted by individuals, have served as repositories for home-made or semi-professional pornography, made available free by its creators (who could be calledexhibitionists). They present a significant challenge to the commercial pornographic film industry.Irrespective of the legal or social view of pornography, it has been used in a number of contexts. It is used, for example, atfertility clinicsto stimulatesperm donors. Some couples use pornography at times for variety and to create a sexual interest or as part offoreplay. There isalso some evidence that pornography can be used to treatvoyeurism.[11][12]EtymologyThe wordpornographywas coined from the ancient Greek words πόρνη (pornē"prostitute" and πορνείαporneia"prostitution"[13]), and γράφειν (graphein"to write or to record", derived meaning "illustration", as in "graph"), and the suffix -ία (-ia, meaning "state of","property of", or "place of"), thus meaning "a written description or illustration of prostitutes or prostitution". No date is known for the first use of the word in Greek; the earliest attested, most related word one could find in Greek, isπορνογράφος,pornographos, i.e. "someone writing about harlots", in theDeipnosophistsofAthenaeus.[14][15]The Modern Greek wordpornographia(πορνογραφία) is areborrowingof the Frenchpornographie.[16]"Pornographie" was in use in the French language during the 1800s. The word did not enter the English language as the familiar word until 1857[17]or as a French import inNew Orleansin 1842.[18]The word was originally introduced byclassical scholarsas "a bookish,and therefore nonoffensive, term for writing about prostitutes",[19]but its meaning was quickly expanded toinclude all forms of "objectionable or obscene material in art and literature".[19]As early as 1864,Webster's Dictionarydefined the word bluntly as "a licentious painting".[19]Pornographyis often abbreviated topornorpornoin informal language.
No comments:
Post a Comment